Type 1 diabetes is the least common of all diabetes cases worldwide. Type 1 diabetes occurs when your immune system destroys the cells in the pancreas. These cells work to make insulin. Type 1 diabetes is also called "insulin-dependent diabetes".

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Most people understand that type 1 diabetes is a childhood disease, whereas it is not so it is not a childhood disease. It can happen to a person of any age or race. In fact, type 1 diabetes is more common in adults than in children. Although earlier this disease was known as “Juvenile Diabetes”.

type 1 diabetes symptoms associated with include increased thirst, increased urination, weight loss, etc. type 1 diabetes treatment involves giving insulin to the patient and making some changes in his lifestyle.

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  1. What is Type 1 Diabetes?
  2. Types of Type 1 diabetes
  3. Type 1 Diabetes Symptoms
  4. Type 1 Diabetes Causes & Risk Factors
  5. Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis
  6. Type 1 Diabetes Prevention
  7. Type 1 Diabetes Treatment
  8. Type 1 Diabetes Complication
  9. Takeaway

Type 1 diabetes means that there is no insulin to transport glucose to the cells and this causes a build-up of sugar in the blood. Insulin is a hormone, with the help of which the body removes glucose from the blood and puts it in the cells of the body. Type 1 diabetes can lead to a life-threatening condition.

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There are mainly 3 types of Type 1 diabetes -

Type 1B or Idiopathic Diabetes

This is an unusual type of type 1 diabetes, in which the amount of insulin in the body is almost negligible. If a person has or has had this diabetes in the family before, then the risks of getting it are very high. There is no evidence that this is caused by the immune system.

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Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adulthood (LADA)

This is a variant of type 1 diabetes that occurs in adults. It progresses slowly and eventually, insulin treatment is required. Although in the beginning, type 1 diabetes symptoms improve with food and food medicines.

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Type 1 diabetes

There is an almost complete lack of insulin in the body, which is usually due to autoimmune diseases. It usually develops in childhood and very rarely this type of diabetes develop after the age of 30 years. In this, the body weight remains normal. If a person has never had type 1 diabetes in their family, they can still get the disease. In this, the level of sugar in the blood becomes unstable. Type 1 diabetes requires prompt insulin treatment.

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Type 1 diabetes symptoms can vary greatly, including the following -

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The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is not yet known. But it is known that this is a family problem and if any one member of the family has it, then the other members are also more at risk of getting this disease. It is not possible to prevent type 1 diabetes and this problem is also not related to our lifestyle -

Age

By the way, type 1 diabetes can occur at any age. But its cases are especially high, especially in children of 4 to 7 years. In some cases, its cases have also been seen more in children of 10 to 14 years.

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Family problem

If one of the parents or immediate siblings of a person has type 1 diabetes, then the risk of getting this disease increases for him too.

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Environmental Factors

Environmental factors include viruses (rubella, coxsackievirus B, and enteroviruses), toxins, and nutrients (cow's milk, cereals).

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Genetic

Your genes play a very important role in type 1 diabetes, especially in patients who get the disease in childhood or adolescence. In childhood, a protein is formed in the body, with the help of which the immune system keeps the body healthy. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system damages the body's insulin-producing cells.

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During the test, your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and your past health status. Apart from this, the doctor may also do some tests to check the level of sugar in your blood, which include the following tests -

HbA1c Test

HbA1c levels are tested to find out if blood sugar levels have been high over a long period of time. With the help of this test, it is found out how much your sugar has been on average in the last two or three months.

If the type of diabetes is not known, your doctor may do one or more of the following tests to find out - 

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Blood Test

To find out whether a person has diabetes or not, his blood sugar level is tested. This test is done twice, once before eating and again after eating. Some blood samples may be taken in the hospital and then sent to a laboratory for testing.

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The following tips can be helpful to avoid type 1 diabetes -

  • There is currently no therapy available that can modify the immune system and prevent pancreatic cells from being damaged.
  • There is no known way to prevent type 1 diabetes. But for people who have recently been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, researchers are still looking for ways to stop the progression of type 1 diabetes and prevent damage to cells in the pancreas.

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It is not possible to cure diabetes completely. The main goal of type 1 diabetes treatment is to keep the level of sugar in the blood as normal as possible, so that complications can be prevented.  Type 1 diabetes can be controlled, with the help of which people suffering from it can lead a healthy and active life -

  • In type 1 diabetes, the main goals of treatment are daily monitoring of blood sugar and regular use of insulin. Insulin therapy works by increasing the level of insulin in the body and reducing the level of sugar in the blood. To avoid having too high or too low blood sugar levels, insulin should not be taken in too high or too low doses. Apart from this, the goal of type 1 diabetes treatment is also to prevent long-term complications caused by diabetes. There are different treatment methods for different types of insulin.
  • Blood sugar levels aren't just affected by the insulin you take with the vaccine. It is also affected by what you eat or drink. Also, how much energy the body uses during any physical activity also affects the level of sugar in your blood. That's why most people learn to finely adjust insulin therapy according to their bodies and habits.
  • For the treatment of type 1 diabetes to be successful, it is important for the patient to have complete knowledge about his diabetes condition, manage his therapy and get treatment from a good doctor. But after a long time, the health of the patient starts depending on many other health-related things apart from just the sugar level. Certain factors, such as blood pressure, can also have a huge impact on diabetes. For this reason, people with type 1 diabetes also have to take other types of medicines, for example taking medicines for cardiovascular disease.
  • Staying physically active, exercising regularly, and eating a good, healthy diet also helps control blood sugar and prevent long-term complications from diabetes. Eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly play an important role in managing type 1 diabetes, but they will not eliminate the need for insulin or eliminate the disease completely.

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If type 1 diabetes is left untreated, it can lead to a variety of health problems. Blood vessels, nerves, and internal organs get damaged due to excess amounts of glucose -

Long term complications

Complications from diabetes eventually debilitate the patient and can even lead to life-threatening conditions, including -

  • Diseases related to heart and blood vessels - Diabetes increases the risk of many types of cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery diseasechest painheart attackstrokeatherosclerosis, and high blood pressure.
  • Nerve damage (neuropathy) - Too much sugar damages the lining of tiny blood vessels (called capillaries). These capillaries provide nutrition to the blood vessels (especially those of the leg). This causes tingling, numbness, burning, or pain. It is usually felt in the fingers of the feet or hands and then gradually starts moving upwards. If blood sugar is not controlled properly, it eventually leads to total loss of touch in the affected part.
  • Problems of the gastrointestinal tract - Problems like diarrheaconstipationnausea, and vomiting arise due to damage to any nerve connected to the gastrointestinal tract. Men may also have problems like erectile dysfunction.
  • Kidney damage (nephropathy) - There are clusters (groups) of millions of microscopic blood vessels in the kidney, which work to filter waste materials. Diabetes can damage this delicate organ. Severe damage can lead to kidney failure or serious kidney disease that cannot be cured. In such a situation, there is a need for kidney dialysis or kidney transplant.
  • Eyes damaged - Type 1 diabetes can damage the blood vessels in the retina, a condition called "diabetic retinopathy." It can also potentially cause blindness.
  • Pregnancy complications - High blood sugar levels can be dangerous for both the mother and the baby. The risk of miscarriagestillbirth, and birth defects increases when diabetes isn't well-controlled.
  • Leg damage - A variety of foot complications can develop due to damage to the nerves in the feet or when not enough blood can reach the feet.
  • Wound not healing - If type 1 diabetes is not controlled, then the wounds or blisters formed on the leg, etc. do not heal and continue to become serious. It may also be necessary to amputate part of the affected limb to prevent the lesion from continuing to grow.
  • Infection - Type 1 diabetes greatly increases the risk of mouth and skin infections, including bacterial infections and fungal infections.
  • Gum diseases - People suffering from type 1 diabetes start having problems like gum disease and dry mouth etc.

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Short term complications

Short-term complications can develop if blood glucose levels drop too low or if insulin injections are missed -

  • Hypoglycemia - It occurs when the level of sugar in the blood becomes too low.
  • Ketoacidosis - This happens when you forget to inject insulin or when the level of glucose in the blood increases excessively.

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The problem of type 1 diabetes can happen to anyone and if it is not treated in time, then there can be many types of physical problems. Numbness of hands and feet, blurred vision, and excessive urination are its symptoms. At the same time, genetics, age, and poor lifestyle have been considered the main reason for this. Although, there is no permanent cure for this problem, by doing regular yoga and exercise, taking a good diet, and following a better lifestyle, this problem can be balanced.

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