Blood in stool refers to the passage of blood from anus, usually with or after stool. Bleeding may be mild or severe, which is either seen on toilet paper or in the toilet bowel.
Though it is usually caused due to rectal bleeding, blood in stools may as well be coming from other parts of the digestive tract including stomach and intestines. This is ascertained by the colour of blood. Bright red (haematochezia) bleeding usually indicates the involvement of anus, rectum or sigmoid colon, whereas dark red, maroon or black (melaena) coloured bleeding along with the presence of a foul smell indicates bleeding from stomach, small intestine, transverse colon or right colon. Many a time, blood loss may be slow and not visible to the naked eye. This is known as occult blood and is detected only through stool examination.
Blood in stools is usually an associated symptom of health conditions such as haemorrhoids (piles), anal fissure, anal fistula or abscess, inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease), gastroenteritis, diverticulitis/diverticulosis, peptic ulcers, polyps, injury, angiodysplasias and colon or rectal cancer. Depending on the condition, a patient may also experience dizziness, weakness, fainting, confusion, low blood pressure and rectal pain or pressure along with blood in stools. Prolonged blood loss can result in anaemia.
Physical examination including rectal examination and tests like blood tests, stool test, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, anoscopy and upper endoscopy help to determine the cause of this condition.
Depending on the diagnosis and totality of symptoms, various remedies like arsenicum album, crotalus horridus, hamamelis, lachesis mutus, leptandra, nitricum acidum, nux vomica and phosphorus are prescribed for treating this condition. These remedies consider individual characteristics of patient’s personality and physiology. Dosage of the remedy also varies on the basis of each individual case.