How does high blood pressure affect the body?

High blood pressure first appears in the arteries. Normally the vessels that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body are strong, flexible, and very soft inside. But high blood pressure changes these completely as the extra pressure of the blood damages the inner lining of the blood vessels.

If the blood pressure level is not reduced, it can damage the inner lining of the blood vessels and this increases the risk of plaque accumulation inside them. When plaque accumulates in the affected artery, it leads to blockage of the artery. Not only this, when plaque accumulates inside the arteries, they become hard, due to which it becomes difficult for blood to flow through them.

This is the most common cause of aneurysms (bulging of the arteries), in which the lining of damaged arteries stretches and swells up to look like a balloon. As a result, due to cuts, etc., blood also starts flowing in them.

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The job of the heart is to pump blood to the whole body. If high blood pressure is not controlled, it increases the pressure in the heart, due to which the muscles of the heart become weak and cannot function properly. High blood pressure forces the heart to work harder to pump blood through hard, narrow, and plaque-filled arteries.

If the heart has to work more, then its size also becomes bigger than normal and the layers of the heart (heart wall) start weakening. This condition can lead to heart attack or heart failure. Irregular heartbeat (cardiac arrhythmias) and chest pain (angina) are also hypertensive diseases that affect the heart.

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1 out of 5 patients with high blood pressure also gets kidney disease. Kidneys do their work with the help of small blood vessels. These blood vessels carry oxygen and other nutrients, with the help of which they work to remove waste materials from the body. Due to high blood pressure, plaque accumulates in these blood vessels, due to which kidney diseases start to arise.

On the contrary, healthy kidneys play an important role in controlling blood pressure. So whenever the kidneys get damaged, the blood pressure level starts increasing due to which the kidneys get damaged further. If this condition persists continuously, it can also lead to kidney failure.

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The main cause of stroke is high blood pressure. When the arteries in the brain become damaged, leaky, or blocked due to plaque build-up, it can affect the blood supply to the brain. The part of the brain which does not get enough blood, the physical functions related to that part get affected like speaking, seeing, moving, or any other organ which the brain controls. If the process of blood supply to the brain is corrected, the brain can be saved from permanent damage.

Not getting enough blood to the brain cells can lead to vascular dementia, in this disease the patient has difficulty in thinking and remembering daily tasks.

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The blood vessels that supply blood to the eyes are very small and delicate. Long-term high blood pressure reduces blood flow and damages blood vessels. In such a situation, fluid starts accumulating inside the retina, due to which the patient has difficulty recognizing things. This blockage in the blood vessels can weaken the eyes and can also lead to blindness.

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Not getting enough blood to the reproductive organs can lead to erectile dysfunction in men and low sex drive in women.

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Cramping or pain in the lower part of the body is the main sign of narrowing or blockage of the arteries. It does not affect the blood vessels around the heart, so the disease is called peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Because of this, pain in the muscles of the hips and legs keeps on forming.

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In high blood pressure, excess calcium can be excreted from the body through urine. In this condition, calcium is deficient in the bones, and the risk of osteoporosis increases. This problem is usually seen in old women whose bones are so weak that they break easily.

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High blood pressure is such a problem that almost half of the people suffering from it have difficulty breathing during sleep. This condition is called obstructive sleep apnea, in which the muscles of the throat relax during sleep. In this condition, the person starts snoring loudly. Lack of sleep due to sleep apnea can increase the blood pressure level.

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