What is a Ferritin test?
The iron present in red blood cells is essential for carrying oxygen molecules to all the cells in the body. In case of iron deficiency, oxygen may be supplied inadequately within the body. However, an excess of iron can also be detrimental.
Ferritin is a protein that stores iron and releases it when needed in tissues. This protein is found in high concentrations in liver cells, also known as hepatocytes, and in certain immune system cells known as reticuloendothelial cells.
Ferritin is stored by body cells until red blood cells need to be produced. If an individual does not have enough ferritin present in their body, their iron reserve can deplete very rapidly.
A ferritin blood test is performed to determine the level of ferritin in the bloodstream. This test is also known by other names, such as serum ferritin test, serum ferritin level and ferritin serum.
- Why is a Ferritin test performed?
- How do you prepare for a Ferritin test?
- How is a Ferritin test performed?
- Ferritin test results and normal range
Why is a Ferritin test performed?
A ferritin test is mainly conducted to measure ferritin levels in the bloodstream. This medical test helps in understanding if one has excess of ferritin in their blood or they suffer from ferritin deficiency. The higher the blood ferritin levels, the more stored iron the individual’s body has.
A doctor may ask an individual to get tested for ferritin if he/she presents symptoms of high or low iron levels.
Common symptoms of low iron levels include
- Pale skin
- Tiredness and fatigue
- Weakness
- Dizziness
- Shortness of breath
- Rapid heartbeat
Symptoms of high iron level include
- Joint pain
- Pain in the abdomen
- Lack of energy
- Weight loss
These symptoms may get worse over time.
Ferritin test is also recommended to individuals with restless leg syndrome, a medical condition which is linked to low iron levels.
How do you prepare for a Ferritin test?
The health care provider may ask the individual to not eat or drink anything at least 12 hours before the test. A blood sample for ferritin test is usually collected in the morning.
How is a Ferritin test performed?
A small amount of blood is needed for the test, which is collected per the following steps:
- A lab technician wraps an elastic band around the upper arm of the individual to stop the flow of blood. This will help locate the vein below the band
- The site of sample collection (skin above the vein) is cleaned using alcohol to sanitise the area
- The needle is inserted into the vein. One or more needle sticks may be required occasionally
- A tube is attached to the needle to collect the blood sample, and once enough blood has been collected, the band will be removed from the arm
After sample collection, cotton is placed over the needle site and pressure is applied to stop bleeding. A bandage is then placed to prevent infection.
A feeling of tightness is experienced when the band is wrapped around the upper arm. Few individuals report no pain from the needle, and some may feel a quick sting or pinch.
Some common risks associated with blood tests are:
- Difficulty in obtaining the sample
- Excessive bleeding at the site of blood withdrawal
- Fainting
- Hematoma (accumulation of blood under the skin)
- Infection at the site where the needle is inserted
However, these risks can easily be reduced when proper precautionary measures are taken.
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Ferritin test results and normal range
Normal results: Normal ranges for blood ferritin levels are as follows:
- 20 to 500 nanograms per millilitre (ng/mL) in men
- 20 to 200 ng/mL in women
Lower than normal ferritin in blood is indicative of iron deficiency anaemia. Higher than normal ferritin levels could be indicative of liver disease, alcohol abuse and haemochromatosis (a disorder leading to cirrhosis, heart disease and diabetes). It is also important to note that if abnormal ferritin levels do not necessarily indicate the presence of a medical condition.
Disclaimer: All results must be clinically correlated with the patient’s complaints to make a complete and accurate diagnosis. The above information is provided from a purely educational point of view and is in no way a substitute for medical advice by a qualified doctor.
References
- MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: US National Library of Medicine; Iron deficiency anemia
- Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology. 12th ed. Greer J, Foerster J, Rodgers G, Paraskevas F, Glader B, Arber D, Means R, eds. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 2009. Pg. 818.
- Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. Nader Rifai. 6th edition, Elsevier Health Sciences; 2017. Pg. 742.
- MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: US National Library of Medicine; Ferritin Blood Test
- University of Rochester Medical Center [Internet]. Rochester (NY): University of Rochester Medical Center; Ferritin (Blood)
- Paul Adams. Management of Elevated Serum Ferritin Levels. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2008 May; 4(5): 333–334. PMID: 21904507




