Type 1 Diabetes - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

This is an unusual type of type 1 diabetes, in which the amount of insulin in the body is almost negligible. If a person has or has had this diabetes in the family before, then the risks of getting it are very high. There is no evidence that this is caused by the immune system.

(Read More - Diabetic Nephropathy)

This is a variant of type 1 diabetes that occurs in adults. It progresses slowly and eventually, insulin treatment is required. Although in the beginning, type 1 diabetes symptoms improve with food and food medicines.

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There is an almost complete lack of insulin in the body, which is usually due to autoimmune diseases. It usually develops in childhood and very rarely this type of diabetes develop after the age of 30 years. In this, the body weight remains normal. If a person has never had type 1 diabetes in their family, they can still get the disease. In this, the level of sugar in the blood becomes unstable. Type 1 diabetes requires prompt insulin treatment.

(Read More - Diabetic Ketoacidosis)

By the way, type 1 diabetes can occur at any age. But its cases are especially high, especially in children of 4 to 7 years. In some cases, its cases have also been seen more in children of 10 to 14 years.

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If one of the parents or immediate siblings of a person has type 1 diabetes, then the risk of getting this disease increases for him too.

(Read More - Diabetes in children)

Environmental factors include viruses (rubella, coxsackievirus B, and enteroviruses), toxins, and nutrients (cow's milk, cereals).

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Your genes play a very important role in type 1 diabetes, especially in patients who get the disease in childhood or adolescence. In childhood, a protein is formed in the body, with the help of which the immune system keeps the body healthy. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system damages the body's insulin-producing cells.

(Read More - Diabetic Gastroparesis)

HbA1c levels are tested to find out if blood sugar levels have been high over a long period of time. With the help of this test, it is found out how much your sugar has been on average in the last two or three months.

If the type of diabetes is not known, your doctor may do one or more of the following tests to find out - 

• ketone test
• GAD autoantibodies test
• C-peptide test

(Read More - Gestational Diabetes)

To find out whether a person has diabetes or not, his blood sugar level is tested. This test is done twice, once before eating and again after eating. Some blood samples may be taken in the hospital and then sent to a laboratory for testing.

(Read More - Hyperglycemia)

Complications from diabetes eventually debilitate the patient and can even lead to life-threatening conditions, including -

• Diseases related to heart and blood vessels - Diabetes increases the risk of many types of cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, chest pain, heart attack, stroke, atherosclerosis, and high blood pressure.
• Nerve damage (neuropathy) - Too much sugar damages the lining of tiny blood vessels (called capillaries). These capillaries provide nutrition to the blood vessels (especially those of the leg). This causes tingling, numbness, burning, or pain. It is usually felt in the fingers of the feet or hands and then gradually starts moving upwards. If blood sugar is not controlled properly, it eventually leads to total loss of touch in the affected part.
• Problems of the gastrointestinal tract - Problems like diarrhea, constipation, nausea, and vomiting arise due to damage to any nerve connected to the gastrointestinal tract. Men may also have problems like erectile dysfunction.
• Kidney damage (nephropathy) - There are clusters (groups) of millions of microscopic blood vessels in the kidney, which work to filter waste materials. Diabetes can damage this delicate organ. Severe damage can lead to kidney failure or serious kidney disease that cannot be cured. In such a situation, there is a need for kidney dialysis or kidney transplant.
• Eyes damaged - Type 1 diabetes can damage the blood vessels in the retina, a condition called "diabetic retinopathy." It can also potentially cause blindness.
• Pregnancy complications - High blood sugar levels can be dangerous for both the mother and the baby. The risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, and birth defects increases when diabetes isn't well-controlled.
• Leg damage - A variety of foot complications can develop due to damage to the nerves in the feet or when not enough blood can reach the feet.
• Wound not healing - If type 1 diabetes is not controlled, then the wounds or blisters formed on the leg, etc. do not heal and continue to become serious. It may also be necessary to amputate part of the affected limb to prevent the lesion from continuing to grow.
• Infection - Type 1 diabetes greatly increases the risk of mouth and skin infections, including bacterial infections and fungal infections.
• Gum diseases - People suffering from type 1 diabetes start having problems like gum disease and dry mouth etc.

(Read More - Glucose Tolerance Test)

Short-term complications can develop if blood glucose levels drop too low or if insulin injections are missed -

• Hypoglycemia - It occurs when the level of sugar in the blood becomes too low.
• Ketoacidosis - This happens when you forget to inject insulin or when the level of glucose in the blood increases excessively.

(Read More - Glucose Challenge Test)